ABSTRACT
The purpose of the present study is the description of the aortic arch branches variation in order to offer useful data to anatomists, radiologists, vascular, neck and thorax surgeons. Methods: A total 46 Indian adult cadavers were used. The authors investigated anatomical variation of the aortic arch and its major branches. Results : The three major branches directly originate from the aortic arch in 38 (82.6 %) ; the 3 ( 6.5%) remaining aortic arch showed only two branches and 5 (10.9 %) aortic arch showed the direct arch origin of left vertebral artery. Interpretation & conclusion: Despite the fact that the variations in question are usually asymptomatic, they may cause dyspnoea, dysphasia, intermittent claudication, misinterpretation of radiology examinations and complications during neck and thorax surgery. This study would provide an anatomical basis to assist surgeons in performing safe vascular surgery involving the aortic arch and its branches.
ABSTRACT
Background: Gujarat registered 40.7 % of accidental deaths in 2007 and nearly 10% of them are due to drowning. For implementing preventive measures, research related drowning data and its implicating factors are required. So we attempted to carry out this study with objective of generating profile for all drowning autopsies. Methods: The study was conducted at Rajkot from 1st November 2004 to 31st October 2006. Out of total 2934 autopsies, drowning was found in 100 cases. Detailed and complete postmortem examination of corpses was done and a proforma was filled in. Data were entered and analyzed with SPSS 15.0 version software. Results: Out of total 100 drowning cases, 58% were from urban area. 43% deaths were suicidal and 36 % were accidental in nature. Out of 88 identified cases, 60.2 % were unmarried. 67% cases were in 15-30 years of age group and male: female ratio was 2.7:1. Literacy rate was 69.3% with higher education only in 2.2% cases. Most frequent occupations were study (31.8%) and labor work (22.7%) with 59.1% belonged to lower socio-economic class. Factors affecting mental status and behavior like addiction, family problem and mental illness were found in 33%, 35% and 10.2% cases respectively. Injuries and animal or aquatic animal bites over the body were in 5% and 12% victims respectively. Conclusion: The high rates of drowning deaths in Rajkot and their specific circumstantial profiles suggest that drowning deaths could beneficiate from basic prevention programs and legislation.
ABSTRACT
Mostly in medicolegal cases for the purpose of investigation in the right direction it is important to know and see whether findings or injuries present over the body are consistent with the history or not. This becomes more important in certain cases like death in police custody and death in police encounter, where the integrity of law enforcing agencies is at stake and for that consistency of findings with the history given by them is important. This is only possible by meticulous examination of the body and then reconstruction of the findings, which leads to a particular outcome. And that is why it is said, that “Reconstruction of the crime is like a recipe of forensic medicine”.